November 18, 2014，"Guangming Daily" "Famous Family Talking Discipline" column published a long article written by Mr. Wen Rimin, our college, "Chinese Discipline: Traditional Deep Road to Open"，History of Chinese Discipline、Status and Prospects。
Wen Rimin，First -level professor of humanities and social sciences in Shandong University，President of the Chinese Modern Literature Research Association，Editor -in -chief of the Compulsory Education Chinese Education School of Compulsory Education。
Recommended "Chinese Language and Literature" discipline (often referred to as "Chinese discipline")，Most people are no stranger，How many "insert your mouth"。Because no matter "Language"，Or "Literature"，All contact our lives，"Chinese Discipline" is a traditional discipline with a wide range of social influence，It is also the basic subject that played a "engine" role in university humanities education。Almost all comprehensive universities today、Normal University and some college universities，All with "Chinese Discipline"。If mathematics is the mother of natural science，So "Language Literature" is also in a similar "leader" status in the entire liberal arts。
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"Chinese Discipline" has a long history，From the pre -Qin to the late Qing Dynasty，Traditional education basically uses language and literature as the main content，In addition to reading the Scripture Collection，is the classification of lessons or articles，Trained mainly is literati。Traditional academics are not as subdivided as disciplines as now，Literature and History and Philosophy each Division，is the product of modern education。Modern university built in the late Qing Dynasty，Establish "Chinese Literature Gate" (later also known as "Chinese Literature Department")，"Chinese Discipline" independent becoming a discipline。From the 1920s to the 1940s，"Chinese Discipline" gradually molded，Overall still inherit traditional Park Xue，Pay attention to the evidence、collation、Note，Introduced scientific empirical method later，Strive for Changming National Censity，Metromage New Knowledge，Traditional academic and modern academics are increasingly blended in contradictions，The research and teaching level of "Chinese Discipline" greatly improves。Teaching emphasizes "learning and knowledge about the source flow of literature"，Literature History Research becomes a highlight。The "Chinese Discipline" in this period is biased in Elite Education，Cultivate many outstanding talents in liberal arts and education。
After the 1950s，Affected by the Soviet Union，Emphasize professional education，Culture, History and Philosophy Division O queencies，The Chinese Department has also gradually formed a situation of "literature", "language" and "classical literature".，But the language and literature research of the "ancient" name is still the main axis，and add some emerging discipline branches，Ru Literature、modern literature、Foreign Literature、Linguistics、Modern Chinese，etc.，Broaden in the research field，The connection with reality has strengthened，The system of the discipline is also improved。After the "Cultural Revolution" calamity，Discipline recovery in the 1980s，"Chinese Discipline" is extremely active，"Xue Xue" in a short time; research on branches of each discipline also gradually deepen，Fire results，But the basic pattern of research and teaching still does not get rid of the original framework。
More significant changes have occurred in these decades in the last decade。Facing the new situation and the requirements of the times，"Chinese Discipline" talent training mode、Course settings and scientific research，There are big adjustments。Undergraduate training is transferred from professionalization to general，The Chinese Department bet365 games best slotsBet365 gamesof most universities is no longer divided into professional，bet365 live casino gamesSome are Bet365 gamesintegrated into a "Chinese Language and Literature Professional"，The positioning of teaching goals is to be trained to have high languages、Literary literacy，"Comprehensive Talent" with a certain ability to write。Only a few comprehensive universities (such as Peking University、Fudan) Still maintaining three professional fields，but also trying to open up each other's boundaries; undergraduate emphasize the generalization，Add a little professional training;、During the doctoral stage, subdivide professional directions，Admissions and even implement a branch of a subordinate second discipline。Regardless of graduate training or academic research，Still presenting a more and more detailed trend of division of labor，Among them, the pros and cons are to be analyzed。
The scope of research, branches and curriculum settings of disciplines
"Chinese Discipline" is a first -level discipline involved in a wide range，Usually 7 second -level disciplines are set down。Different school positioning and conditions of each university，The situation of discipline settings will be different，But the curriculum arrangement is similar，Main "Different" in the secondary discipline。Introduction here。
"Literature" professional direction has 3 second -level disciplines，That is literary and art、Ancient Chinese Literature、Chinese modern literature，Mainly studying ancient and modern literature theory and literary source flow，Commenting important writers and literary phenomena，The historical context of sorting out literary development，Tracking the status of contemporary literature; of course，It will also involve literary criticism、Foreign Literature、Folk Literature、Folk Literature、Film and Television Literature、Popular Literature and Minority Literature，etc.。Literature is always rooted in a specific cultural soil，Therefore, study literature through cultural phenomena，or observe social culture from the perspective of literature，"Dialogue" with contemporary social culture，It is also more and more valued by literary research。
"Language" professional direction also has 3 second -level disciplines，That is ancient Chinese、Modern Chinese and Linguistics。Due to linguistic research objects are not limited to Chinese，It involves a wide range of noodles，Now it has been independent from the "Chinese Discipline"，"Upgraduate" is a first -level discipline，called "Linguistics and Application Linguistics"。Some universities have set up the Department of Linguistics。But considering the historical situation of the discipline and the convenience of teaching，The Chinese Department bet365 games best slotsBet365 gamesof most universities still maintains literature and language "not separate"，Therefore, the language major is changed to a second -level discipline "Chinese Linguistics" (including ancient Chinese and modern Chinese) and a first -level discipline "Linguistics and Application Linguistics"。"Language" professional direction is dedicated to exploring the evolution process of ancient and modern Chinese，Sorting Voice、grammar、Erotic use and other phenomena, as well as language ontology as research objects，Explore language rules。With the increasingly close cultural exchanges between China and foreign countries，Chinese language has gradually become a discipline branch over the years。Another，Computing linguistics combined with mathematics and computer science has also become a "new favorite"。
"Classical Literature" professional direction has only 1 second -level discipline，is classical literature，Mainly studying method of ancient books，Usually involved in the version、Catalog、sound rhyme、Training and other discipline branches。Ancient classics collation、Ancient classic interpretation、Ancient text、History of Chinese Culture、Studies in foreign sinology abroad，It is also the meaning of the question。"Classical Literature" disciplines are short of talents，Some universities can not issue lessons in this area，or only popular courses such as "Chinese Tools"。"Chinese Studies" is very hot today，Some universities specialize in the establishment of the Sinology Research Institute，or open a Chinese class，The advantage is to get through，But the scope of study is too wide，It may also be deeper。
Today's "Chinese Discipline" bet365 games best slotsBet365 gamesof most universities opens 7 basic courses in accordance with the secondary discipline，Require for undergraduate students in grades and two grades。Grade II，Gradually increase professional elective courses。There are also some schools (usually schools without news communication) and will offer some interdisciplinary or applied courses，Like Press Publication、Film and Television、Secret、Writing, etc.。Students are just taking lessons、During reading and research, I found their respective interests or directors，Reading literature at the senior level、Professional courses of language or literature，Prepare for graduation thesis or graduate students。to Master's degree、Dr. Training Period，"Chinese Discipline" of most universities enrolled students and division teaching in accordance with several second -level disciplines。The research direction of teachers and researchers，Most of them belong to a second -level discipline。
From three“Need to”Look at the functions and prospects of Chinese disciplines
For the last ten years，Course settings of "Chinese Discipline"、Talent training and academic research are changing，The general trend is to adapt and meet the needs of the new era，The vitality of the development of discipline。We can from the perspective of meeting three "needs"，To understand the functions pursued by "Chinese Discipline"、Value and meaning。
First, inherit the need for inheritance。Mother tongue is the main carrier and important part of national culture，Learning and studying mother tongue，It is a prerequisite for inheriting the excellent cultural tradition。"Chinese Studies" that are often referred to as "Chinese Studies"，That is traditional learning，part of its core content，is the object of the current "Chinese Discipline" study。For example, ancient Chinese、Ancient Literature、Classical Literature，All learned from understanding and continuous excellent traditional culture。Now emphasize the importance of paying attention to inheriting excellent traditional culture，First of all, what are the "treasures" of traditional culture。But the talents who have the ability to do this now are very short。Carry out large -scale ancient books such as "Confucian Tibetan"，To recruit doctoral students，Students are difficult。"Chinese Discipline" is the cultivation of "reading seeds"，Outstanding tradition of the Chinese nation、It has important mission to build a social spirit and culture。
Second, the needs of the development of "language life" and "literary life"。Today's World，The trend of economic globalization is increasing，Modern science and information technology rapid development，New communication media continues to appear，great changes in promoting the "language life" and "literary life" of society，The ability and culture of people’s language use、Literary selection ability also puts forward higher requirements。Language specifications centered on Chinese research、Language Strategy、Language Economy、Foreign Chinese and computer linguistics，etc.，Many cutting -edge topics have also entered the field of vision of "Chinese Discipline"。
Third is the need for Chinese education。Use of language and text，Including life、Listening, speaking, reading and writing activities in work and learning，Various fields of life。The ability to use language and literary aesthetics，All are the basic ability of modern citizens。So from elementary school to university，There are "Chinese" learning requirements for continuous learning，Some universities still open "university Chinese"，In primary and secondary schools，"Chinese" is always a main class。The current primary and secondary school Chinese education is criticized，There are indeed many problems，Often blame the exam -oriented education，In fact, the quality of teachers and universal business levels are also worrying。University (especially teachers' colleges) must be specially engaged in Chinese education research，Society also looks forward to more excellent talents who are engaged in Chinese education。
From the perspective of three "satisfaction needs"，"Chinese Discipline" is indeed rich academic resources、Great potential，A considerate discipline。
Status: We are getting out“trough”, reply normal
"Chinese Discipline" has a period of "glory"bet365 games best slotsbet365 live casino betting，Especially in the 1980s，At the beginning of reform and opening up，Ideological liberation gate opens，Humanities Discipline ushered in vibrant spring，At that time, the ideal "Wen Qing" was particularly more，The Chinese Department of the Chinese Department has become the first choice for many people。But the time of transit，Social transfer is centered on economic construction，More students want to learn the learning of the world，or pursuing the professional that may be more "profitable"。Especially with the advent of marketization，Humanities include "Chinese Discipline" once no longer，Even gets into embarrassment，Leave the gate of the door。Discipline's fate is inevitable to be affected by the trend of the times，The vitality of the discipline often depends on the extent of its social needs。From the situation in recent years，"Chinese Discipline" has obviously got out of the "trough"，Zhengfeng circular transfer, reply normal。
"Chinese Discipline" Reply to normal，is a gratifying change。Society began to question and bid farewell to simple "GDP worship"，While developing the economy，More and more strongly aware of the urgency and composition of the reconstruction of spiritual civilization，"Chinese Discipline" with cultural heritage as its responsibility，Naturally, there are more expectations and investment。Many industries are looking forward to accepting Chinese talents。For example, literature、Film and Television、Culture、News、Published、Education、Management，etc.，Any industry that needs "pen poles"，Graduates who are welcome to learn Chinese。Even from the perspective of finding a job，Graduates in the Chinese Department are also increasing employment opportunities。In many Normal University，"Chinese Discipline" becomes the most stable "fragrant" discipline。
"Chinese Discipline" is behind the normal state，Also hidden some quiet change。After the problem of "food and clothing" of many families is solved，Pay more attention to spiritual needs，Selecting majors also value more personality、Hobbies，I hope that the selected profession is best to be your future "Zhiye"，Not just the "career" for the rice beammom。Generally speaking，Expression of language (especially in writing) is more sensitive，More talented、People with a personality，People who don’t particularly care about material enjoyment，May be more willing to choose "Chinese Discipline"。We are glad to see，More and more young people really set off from "interest"，I chose this discipline。
Clarify several types of Chinese disciplines“Misunderstanding”
Despite this，Society still exists in "Chinese Discipline" in the society.，When choosing a volunteer after the college entrance examination every year，There may also be vague understanding of the Chinese Department of the application，Need to clarify。
Some people may think that learning Chinese "Unrequited"，Unlike certain majors, there are very real skills。Indeed，Because it is a basic humanistic discipline，Knowledge coverage wide，Especially particular about the influence experience，The things you studied may not be so "practical"。For example, study Li Bai Dufu，Feel the unique charm of Tang poetry，There is no "practical value"。Research Laws of Languages，Review of ancient text，It is also difficult to convert it into "Silver"。Many academic knowledge of "Chinese Discipline" on the surface, "Unpractood"，It may not be able to create value directly，But from the perspective of the cultural inheritance and development of the national nation，From the perspective of mental cultivation，You must not recognize the "Chinese Discipline" and "useless use，Nai Da also uses it "。
Other people take it for granted，Those who learn Chinese are dancewen to make ink、Shake your head and shake your brains, four books and five classics and ancient poems，A little shabby，isolation from reality。This is also a do not understand this discipline。"Chinese Discipline" attaches great importance to traditional，Of course, read ancient books，Learning ancient literature、Ancient Chinese，But this is learning，Use modern vision and method during the study，Can get a lot of knowledge，Can also enrich inner Bet365 Casino loginbet365 live casino gameslife。This is a very fulfilling thing，Where is "shabby"? "Chinese Discipline" itself is the discipline of "cultivating people"，Retoning yourself while studying，Two in one place，In today's impetuous environment，Rarely with this spirit "cultivation"。Not to mention except for classical，"Chinese Discipline" also studied at modern and contemporary literature、Foreign Literature and Contemporary Culture，etc.，It is China, Western and modern Huitong，Do not separate the film with society。"Chinese Discipline" is not a separate from reality、Twilight and deep place，On the contrary，Chinese Department (School of Literature) is often the most active college department in many university campuses。Choose Course by Chinese Department，Most of them have radiation effects in the university。
"Chinese Discipline" is often "literature"，The kind of course "unre practical" in the Chinese department "、misunderstandings of "virtual"，Also refers to "Literature"。In fact, "Chinese Discipline" can be described as virtual and real，Vanity and Reality and Jihui，Not only "literature" (but not to say that research literature can not be said to be "virtual")，There are also real "language" and "classical literature"。"Literature" training the ability to read and sort out ancient books，Is to play "dead kung fu"。Can you say that this knowledge is not "real"? Linguistics research, although it is classified as a humanistic discipline，But part of it is about empirical investigation and scientific analysis，Closer to science。Different from the traditional Chinese department，The research field of "Chinese Discipline" has expanded today，Some parts are interdisciplinary or literary and scientific combination，Often at the forefront of scientific research，can also create practical value directly。At present, some universities have some discipline enrollment，Has been collected by literature and sciences。Students who like science，You can also use your own potential in the Chinese Department。
There are also some students who apply for "Chinese Discipline"，Imagine the Chinese department is the cradle of writers，often with "writer dream" to choose this discipline。This is also biased。Indeed，Many writers have been produced in Chinese，But "Chinese Discipline" generally does not set the training writers as teaching goals。Writers must have talents，Life，Can be encountered，Not the school can deliberately cultivate。The positioning of "Chinese Discipline" is to use language and literature as a research object，Cultivate talents with high literacy and ability in this area。Social needs writers after all, very few，But it takes a lot of "pen"。Enter the Chinese Department even if it is not a writer，At least it should be "pen pole"。Students who have studied Chinese have received basic training in language and literature，Strong text ability，The adaptability of engaging in various industries and academic research is also strong，"Stam -up" is larger。There are many talents trained by Chinese Department，Not just academic circles，Not just academic circles，There are all industries，and can be done well。
Of course，In the current relatively profitable、Flowing at the atmosphere，"Chinese Discipline" also has difficulties，There are disadvantages。For example, if the division of division is too detailed，Each is camp，produce many academic bubbles; students do not read much，Writing can not pass the level，Lack of "Wen Qi"，Consciousness without cultural heritage，etc.，All need to be improved。
Remember that I wrote a paragraph many years ago: "What is the charm of the Chinese department? In traditional deep，Active thinking，In the pure righteousness of learning style，It is even more in the concept of running a school: no vocational training that does not engage in quick success，Instead, trying to let students learn to find the road that suits them best，Lay a thick foundation，Make the overall quality, including the spirit of personality and spirit, develop。"" This may be our ideal "Chinese discipline"。